Forging is a forming method used to manufacture mechanical parts, workpieces, tools, or blanks by applying external forces to titanium metal billets (excluding plates), causing plastic deformation, changing size, shape, and improving performance. In addition, according to the movement mode of the slider, there are also vertical and horizontal movements of the slider (used for forging, lubrication and cooling of slender parts, and forging of high-speed production parts), and the use of compensation devices can increase movement in other directions. The above methods differ in terms of required forging force, process, material utilization, output, dimensional tolerance, and lubrication and cooling methods, which are also factors that affect the level of automation. According to the movement of the billet, forging can be divided into free forging, upsetting, extrusion, die forging, closed die forging, and closed upsetting.

Closed die forging and closed upset forging have high material utilization due to the absence of burrs. It is possible to complete the precision machining of complex forgings with one or several processes. Due to the absence of burrs, the stress area of the forging is reduced, and the required load is also reduced. However, it should be noted that the billet cannot be completely restricted. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the volume of the billet, control the relative position of the forging die, and measure the forgings, striving to reduce the wear of the forging die. According to the movement mode of the forging die, forging can be divided into swing forging, swing rotary forging, roll forging, cross wedge rolling, ring rolling, and oblique rolling. Rotary forging, rotary forging, and ring forging can also be processed by precision forging. In order to improve the utilization rate of materials, roll forging and cross rolling can be used as the preceding processes for processing slender materials. Rotary forging, like free forging, is also locally formed, and its advantage is that it can be formed even under smaller forging forces compared to the size of the forging. This forging method, including free forging, involves the expansion of materials from the vicinity of the mold surface to the free surface during processing, making it difficult to achieve accuracy. Therefore, by controlling the movement direction of the forging die and the rotary forging process with a computer, complex shaped and high-precision products can be obtained with lower forging force, such as producing forgings with multiple varieties and large sizes of steam turbine blades. In order to achieve high accuracy, attention should be paid to preventing overload at the bottom dead center, controlling the speed and mold position. Because these will have an impact on the tolerance, shape accuracy, and die life of forgings.

In addition, to maintain accuracy, attention should also be paid to adjusting the clearance and stiffness of the slider guide rail, adjusting the lower dead center, and utilizing auxiliary transmission devices. The main materials used for titanium forging are pure titanium and titanium alloys with various compositions. The original state of titanium materials includes bars, ingots, metal powders, and liquid metals. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of a metal before deformation to the cross-sectional area after deformation is called the forging ratio. The correct selection of forging ratio, reasonable heating temperature and insulation time, reasonable initial and final forging temperatures, reasonable deformation amount and deformation speed are closely related to improving product quality and reducing costs. Generally, small and medium-sized forgings use round or square bars as billets. The grain structure and mechanical properties of the bar material are uniform and good, with accurate shape and size, good surface quality, and easy to organize mass production. As long as the heating temperature and deformation conditions are reasonably controlled, high-performance forgings can be forged without significant forging deformation.